Estrela Mountain

The Estrela Mountain Dog, or Cão de Serra da Estrela, is an intelligent and independent dog from Portugal. Though playful and extremely loyal, it is not the ideal pet for first-time dog owners. The Estrela has tendency to bark and protect its territory fiercely, and will typically only obey a strong-willed person.

Physical Characteristics

The Estrela Mountain Dog is a fairly large dog (66-110 pounds, on average) with an athletic build. It comes in two coat types: short and long. The long-haired Estrela has a thick, slightly coarse outer coat that may be flat or slightly waved, and a dense undercoat which is typically light in color than the outer coat. The short-haired Estrela has a similar outer and undercoat, but it is comparably shorter.

The coloring of the coat is commonly fawn, wolf gray, and yellow, with or without brindling. There may also be white markings or shadings of black throughout the coat. Blue coloration is sometimes found but is considered undesirable. The Estrela has droopy ears and a long, bushy tail.

Personality and Temperament

The Estrela Mountain Dog is calm but will not hesitate to come to the defense of those it loves, making it an exceptional guard dog. Because of this it is also often distrusting of strangers and will require proper training and socialization as a puppy.

The Estrela Mountain Dog, though dominant, can get along well with other pets. However, it may take some time for it to get accustomed to another dog in the home.

Care

The Estrela's rough hair will not tangle easily, though it may mat behind the ears. Typically the coat requires just one deep brushing every week.

Due to its nature, the Estrela will tend to roam far if not placed in a large, fenced yard. Nevertheless, it can flourish in a smaller area (though ideally not an apartment) as long as it is taken out to exercise frequently.

Health

The Estrela Mountain Dog, with an average lifespan of 12 to 16 years, is a hardy and healthy breed. However, as with many other large dogs, it has a tendency to suffer from hip and elbow dysplasia.

History and Background

Considered one of the oldest breeds in Portugal, the Estrela Mountain Dog has been protecting flocks of sheep for many centuries. A brave and intelligent dog, shepherds depended on their ability to identify and scare off wolves and other hungry predators. Eventually their skills were used to guard large estates by local aristocrats, and by the 19th century the number of Estrelas used by local shepherds had begun to fall. However, it was these new larger estate dogs that would eventually become the base for the modern breed of Estrelas.

The first Estrela was entered into the show ring in 1908, but because of the Portuguese peoples' admiration of foreign breeds and their insistence on castrating the Estrelas to prevent them from leaving their flocks to mate, the number of Estrelas began to diminish.

From 1908 to 1919, special shows called concursos were held to promote and preserve the Estrela breed in the region. By 1933, the first official breed standard was established.

Prior to World War II, the Estrela breeders were still primarily the shepherds and farmers of the region. But by the early 1950s, interest in the breed returned, and the annual concursos were reinstated with the intent of stimulating interest among the Serra residents and to encourage them to adhere to the official standard.

Although the long-haired variety was most popular at shows during this period, these so-called "show dogs" represented only a small portion of the Estrela population in Portugal. Today the same holds true — many of the working Estrela dogs are short-haired.

The interest in Estrellas declined again in the early 1970s; there was even some concern about the degeneration and even possible extinction of the breed. However, the Portguese revolution of 1974 led to several changes in Portugal, including a resurgence in the use of native breeds in dog shows.

In 1972, the United Kingdom became the first country to establish the Estrela Mountain Dog outside of Portugal. It can now be found in several countries around the world.

English Toy Spaniel

The English Toy Spaniel is a compact toy dog with of a short-nosed, domed head, a merry, affectionate demeanor and a silky coat. Also called the King Charles Spaniel, they differ from the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel in their expression: the King Charles’s mouth turns down, while the Cavalier appears -- like its namesake painting -- to be laughing.

  

Physical Characteristics

The expression and head of the breed are the English Toy’s hallmark. It has shiny dark eyes, a well-padded face and a domed head, all of which create an appealing and soft expression.

The English Toy Spaniel, with a square-proportioned and compact body, is abundantly covered with a flowing, silky coat. This coat is either slightly wavy or straight. It has long tufts of hair on its feet and heavy fringing on its body.

Personality and Temperament

The English Toy Spaniel is a calm, quiet, gentle, and friendly but attentive lapdog. It shows utmost dedication to its family and is reserved towards strangers. Additionally, some English Toy Spaniels have been known to display a stubborn side.

Care

Even though the English Toy Spaniel is not very active, it enjoys a fun indoor or outdoor game or a good on-leash walk. Hot weather does not suit it and, by nature, it cannot live outdoors, away from the comfort of its family. It has a long coat that requires combing twice a week.

Health

The English Toy Spaniel, which has an average lifespan of 10 to 12 years, is susceptible to major health conditions like patellar luxation, and minor issues like early tooth loss, and "lazy tongue," a condition which causes the tongue to protrude from the mouth. A veterinarian may recommend regular knee tests for the dog.

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), hydrocephalus, and fused toes are also seen in some English Toy Spaniels, as well as a soft spot in the dog's skull due to an incomplete fontanel closure. Some English Toy Spaniels react adversely to anesthesia.

History and Background

The early histories of the English Toy Spaniel and the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel are said to be identical. In fact, both breeds initially began as one single breed, a result of interbreeding between Oriental toy dogs and small spaniels. There is also evidence that indicates Mary I, Queen of Scotland in the mid-16th century, carried the first toy spaniels with her from France to Scotland.

Sometimes referred to as the comforter spaniel, this breed gained a great deal of popularity among the wealthy, where they functioned as lap- and foot-warmers and pleasant companions.

During the rule of King Charles II, in the 17th Century, the dogs reached the zenith of their popularity. As the king adored the dogs, the breed became known as the King Charles Spaniel.

All these early dogs featured black and tan coats, but other colors were introduced later when the first Duke of Marlborough developed the red and white Blenheims. Crosses made with Chinese Cocker Spaniels also resulted in the red and white coats.

These spaniels were favorites among woodcock hunters. However, most breeders preferred a showy lapdog to a hunting dog. In the following centuries, a concerted effort was made to develop a smaller King Charles Spaniel with a flatter nose and rounder head.

This breed In the United States, the English Toy Spaniel is displayed as two strains: the Prince Charles variety and the King Charles variety. These fun-loving and aristocratic lapdogs are sometimes known as "Charlies" and "E.T.s."

English Setter

The English Setter is a graceful, elegant gundog. Its beautiful, feathered coat is white with an intermingling of darker hairs resulting in markings called "belton."

Physical Characteristics

The English Setter has a very stylish and sophisticated appearance with an athletic physique and distinct marks on its body. Extra fur is commonly allowed to grow along the dog's back, tail, legs, and on the underside of its thighs.

Two of the more popular English Setter varieties are the Llewllins (which is a pure strain with bloodlines tracing back to the 19th century breeding program of sportsman R. L. Purcell Llewellin) and Laveracks (also named for one of the developers of the breeding program, Edward Laverack). Generally, the Llewellins possess a thin coat and are small and fast, while the Laverack Setters possess a thicker coat and are larger.

Personality and Temperament

The English Setter should be exercised regularly to keep it calm and gentle; running and hunting are its favorite activities. An affable and pleasing breed, the English Setter is friendly with children and other dogs.

Care

The English Setter should be kept inside with access to the outdoors. To rid its coat of dead hair, comb it once every two or three days. Its daily exercise routine should be about one hour in length.

Health

The English Setter, which has an average lifespan of 10 to 12 years, is prone to major health issues such as elbow dysplasia, deafness, hypothyroidism, and canine hip dysplasia (CHD). It is also prone to epilepsy, Osteochondrosis Dissecans (OCD) and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA). To identify some of these issues, a veterinarian may recommend thyroid, hearing, elbow, hip, and eye exams for the dog.

History and Background

The breed, according to the experts, originated in England over 400 years ago. An excellent bird dog, it was used in moorland to point the target and retrieve it. Further evidence points to the Water Spaniel, Springer Spaniel, and Spanish Pointer as the breeds used to develop the English Setter. The term English Setter, however, was used later on when Edward Laverack started breeding them in 1825.

Purcell Llewellin, another breeder, crossed the Laveracks with English Setters that gave birth to excellent field dogs. Laveracks proved to be excellent show setters and the Llewellin turned out to be marvelous field setters. Regardless of the type, the English Setter can be found throughout the United States, many of which are field dogs.

English Foxhound

When thinking of the English Foxhound, the breed may conjure up images of James Bond or similar English gentlemen who go off for an afternoon hunt on horse or by foot. These loyal, obedient companions are tireless and able to run in the countryside for up to six hours with little or no rest.

Physical Characteristics

The English Foxhound is highly regarded for its powerful yet bony build. The size of it's ankle bone and the straight measurements of each stifle, meanwhile, provide the dog great stamina.

The English Foxhound can be seen black, tan, and white, or any combination of these three colors. The dog’s deep and rich voice is excellent for hunting. And many English Foxhounds have "rounded ears," so named because 1 1/2 inches are surgically removed from the ear’s end.

 

Personality and Temperament

This zealous trailer and sniffer is shy around strangers, known to have bouts of baying, and isn't considered a typical city dog. However, it is friendly, gentle and tolerant, and it gets along with children, horses, dogs, and other pets. A traditional pack hound, the English Foxhound makes an excellent house dog, especially if it offered both canine and human companionship.

Care

The carefree Foxhound requires plenty of exercise. Easily covering several miles during a run, the English Foxhound can also function as a hiking companion or a jogging companion, but remember to keep it on a leash or in an enclosed area, as it is capable of running away.

The English Foxhound's coat requires the occasional brushing to get rid of dead hair. The breed can also survive temperate climates and live outdoors, but only if it has good bedding, warm shelter, and the company of other Foxhounds.

Health

The English Foxhound, which has an average lifespan of 10 to 13 years, suffers from canine hip dysplasia (CHD) and renal disease. And though it does not have a propensity to any major or minor health concerns, hip tests are recommended for this breed of dog.

History and Background

The history of the English Foxhound dates back to 16th century Great Britain, the records of which have been meticulously maintained through English stud books. And while its exact origin is not known, it is widely accepted that the hounds gained much of their reputation in the mid-1700s through the sport of fox hunting.

The function of the hound was to pick up the scent of the fox while on the trail, leading the hunters, many of which were English gentry on horseback, to their prey. During a hunt, the master of foxhounds would organize and lead the activities. Afterwards, he would maintain the kennels and raise money for the hunt club.

As the sport grew in popularity, it was ensured that only the dogs of the best quality were produced. The pack members often shared identical coat coloration, the usual color being black saddle on a tan body. By the end of the 19th century, 140 packs of hounds were registered in England.

The English Foxhound was introduced to the United States during the 18th century, where it was crossed with other hound types to form the American Foxhound, which is thinner than its British counterpart. However, neither of these two foxhound types are considered a popular show dog or pet. Instead, many of those of whom choose the English Foxhound, do so because of its ability to lead a traditional hunting group to the game.

Englisht Cocker Spaniel

The English Cocker Spaniel is an incredibly energetic, enthusiastic companion, especially when working. Despite its soft, gentle expression, the Cocker, as it is most commonly referred to, is an active sporting dog that makes for an excellent family dog, particularly because the English Cocker Spaniel is easily trained and rarely stops wagging its tail.

Physical Characteristics

For a Spaniel, the English Cocker is fairly tall. Its compact shape and short legs, however, help it move quickly through dense bushes, while its broad muzzle assist the dog during retrieving. The English Cocker's coat -- which can be found in various colors, including black, liver, red, and tan -- is of medium length, wavy or flat, and silky in texture. Its gait is ground-covering and powerful, and its facial expression is soft and pleasant. In addition, the English Cocker typically keeps its tail wagging when on the move.

Personality and Temperament

The English Cocker Spaniel is social in nature, and most often in a cheerful or playful mood. It loves to spend time with humans and is very obedient, carrying out an owner's instructions devotedly. Faithfulness to its master, in fact, is one of the English Cocker's most recognizable characteristic. With a strong hunting instinct, the breed is always keen to learn new things.

Care

The English Cocker Spaniel should be taken on long walks, preferably for hours. This will give it the necessary daily exercise. Running and playing will be good physical exercise for the breed as well. Although the English Cocker Spaniel can survive outside in temperate weather, it is best to keep the dog at home with access to a yard.

One should check its ears regularly to remove dirt, while its coat should be combed and brushed two to three times a week. Trimming the fur at the tail and feet is necessary every two months, and head and ears are to be clipped properly at regular intervals.

Health

The English Cocker Spaniel generally has a lifespan of 12 to 14 years. Care should be taken to prevent some serious health-related problems such aspatellar luxation and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA). This breed is also prone to some minor problems like hypothyroidism, canine hip dysplasia (CHD), cataract, and kidney disease. The parti-colors are prone to deafness. The English Cocker Spaniel must have its knees, ears, hips, eyes, and thyroid tested.Cardiomyopathy can also occasionally be seen in the breed.

History and Background

The English Cocker Spaniel belongs to the family of land spaniels that are extremely competent at hunting. The breed received the recognition of a distinctive variety only in 1936, with the formation of the English Cocker Spaniel Club of America.

However, the crossing of the American and English Cockers was not encouraged by the English Cocker Spaniel Club, which resulted in the separation of the English Cocker and the American Cocker in 1946. The English Cocker Spaniel is also known as just the Cocker Spaniel. American Cockers are popular only in their homeland, but the English Cocker Spaniel is recognized all over the world.

Dingo

Dingoes are one of the few successful cases of feral dogs thriving in the wild. And while it is illegal to keep one as a pet in its native Australia, there are some who do so anyway. The dingo is also known by several other Indigenous Australian names, including Joogong, Mirigung, Noggum, Boolomo, Papa-Inura, Wantibirri, Maliki, Kal, Dwer-da, Kurpany, Aringka, Palangamwari, Repeti and Warrigal.

Physical Characteristics

Compared to other similarly sized dogs, the dingo has longer canine teeth within its long muzzle, and a flatter skull. Its average weight is 22 to 44 pounds. Most dingoes are multicolored, with small white markings on the chest, muzzle, legs and/or paws. Its fur, which is mostly sandy to reddish brown in color, is typically short — though the hair's thickness and length will depend on the climate of the area.

Personality and Temperament

The dingo is generally shy toward humans. However, there are reports of dingoes that venture into parks, streets and suburban areas. The dingo is a highly social animal that, when possible, will form a stable pack with clearly defined territories. Unlike wolves, the dingo rarely hunts in packs, preferring to hunt as a solitary animal. It is nocturnal in warmer regions, but more active during the day in cooler weather.

History and Background

The first Dingo was registered at the London Zoo in 1828; it was simply referred to as the Australian Dog. However, the oldest known Dingo fossil dates to around 1450 B.C. (though it is suspected to be even older). It was originally brought to the Australian continent by human settlers several thousand years ago, but once the Dingo strayed away from human control it formed complex packs.

A fast canine predator, the Dingo feeds off rabbits and other small wild animals, as well as farmers' livestock. This is also why many in Australia and parts of Southeast Asia (where it migrated long ago) consider the dog to be vermin. In the Australian state of Queensland alone, it is estimated that there are between 200,000 and 350,000 dingoes.

In recent years, organizations such as the Dingo Study Foundation and Australian Native Dog Foundation have dedicated themselves to studying this breed.

Dandle Dinmont

The Dandie Dinmont Terrier was bred to go to underground. A working terrier, it’s long and low with a distinctive large head. The Dandie also has a soft, wise expression and a sturdy, flexible body.

  

Physical Characteristics

The Dandie’s characteristic coat is partly comprised of two-inch long, soft hair and hard hair (about one-third soft hair and two-thirds hard hair). Its head, meanwhile, is large and is covered with silk, soft hair. The silky tassels on the tips of the ears enhance the dog’s appearance, and the topknot gives the dog a dignified, determined, wise, and soft expression.

The Dandie is not like the typical terrier, as it has a series of curves, ending in a moderately long, scimitar-shaped tail. Built to chase tough quarry, the dog's length is twice its height, and its front legs are shorter than the hind legs, giving it an easy and free gait.

Personality and Temperament

People of all age groups will love this loyal companion. However, it should be exercised every day lest it get frustrated. This independent and intelligent breed has a tendency to be shy with strangers but aggressive towards unknown dogs. Some also dig.

Do not consider a Dandie Dinmont to be a fancy, "dandified" dog. It is boisterous, loves to tumble and is always ready for hunting. In spite of this, the dog is a very decent and affectionate, but not doting, house pet.

Care

The dog’s coat needs to be combed twice a week, in addition to regular shaping and trimming. For show dogs, continuous shaping is required. But clipping and stripping just four times a year is sufficient for pet Dandie Dinmonts.

The Dandie loves to explore and hunt, so make sure it does this in a secure area. To remain fit, the Dandie should be walked regularly. Additionally, Dandies should be allowed to sleep inside, but may be kept outdoors during the day.

Health

The Dandie Dinmont, which has an average lifespan of 11 to 13 years, may suffer from cheyletiella mites infections, or minor health issues such asintervertebral disk disease and glaucoma. Eye tests are suggested for this dog.

History and Background

Although the unusual appearance of the Dandie Dinmont Terrier makes it look different, it bears the same ancestry as other terriers. The first Dandie appeared in the 18th century near the border of England and Scotland. Here, gypsies and farmers owned these terrier dogs and used them for killing badgers, otters, and foxes and for pulling.

There was a time when they were also known as Hindlee, Catcleugh, and Pepper and Mustard terriers. James Davidson owned most of the reputed dogs and named nearly all of them as Mustard or Pepper, with some suitable adjectives.

Some view the character of Dandie Dinmont and the dogs in Sir Walter Scott's 1814 novel, Guy Mannering, as being modeled after James and his dogs. In fact, a letter by James Davidson claimed that all Dandies actually came from Tarr and Pepper, two of his own dogs.

The general group of Scotch Terriers that covered many short-legged terriers, also included the Dandie. In 1873, however, the Dandie was recognized as a separate breed.

According to an old Scottish saying, "A Dandie looks at you as though he's forgotten more than you ever knew." Though it remains one of the lesser-known terriers today, it is still moderately popular among dog fanciers.

Doberman Pinscher

The Doberman Pinscher is a dog breed first developed in Germany as a guard dog. Once known to be aggressive, the Doberman's temperament has improved through tactful breeding over the years and is now considered a reliable family pet. 

Physical Characteristics

The Doberman's powerful, muscular, compact, and square-proportioned build gives it speed, elegance, strength, and endurance. Its posture is alert and proud, while its gait is fast and loose. The accepted colors for the breed include black, red, blue, and fawn -- a light yellowish brown. And its rust-colored markings are found above each eye, on the muzzle, throat and forechest, below the tail, and on all four legs and feet. The Doberman also sports a smooth, short coat with neat lines and a white patch on its chest.

Personality and Temperament

This adventurous and loyal companion is a talented and obedient pupil, always ready for a mental challenge. Though it’s usually sensitive and responsive to its owner's commands, the Doberman can be dominating and overbearing. The breed is also shy with strangers, while aggressive towards strange dogs. A Doberman's alertness and protection ability, however, are often the qualities sought after by dog fanciers.

Care

The Doberman requires mental and physical exertion daily or it may become destructive or frustrated. This need can be easily met with a walk on a leash, a run in an enclosed area, or a long jog. And while it can live outdoors in cool climate, the Doberman is most effective indoors as a guardian and a family companion. Its coat requires minimal care.

Health

The Doberman Pinscher has a lifespan of 10 to 12 years. Wobbler's syndrome, cervical vertebral instability (CVI), and cardiomyopathy are some serious health problems affecting Dobermans; some minor diseases seen in this breed of dog include canine hip dysplasia (CHD), osteosarcoma, von Willebrand's disease (vWD), demodicosis, and gastric torsion. Albinism, narcolepsy, hypothyroidism, and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) are occasionally seen in Dobermans, while the Blue Doberman is more prone to hair loss. To identify some of these issues, a veterinarian may run cardiac, eye, hip, and DNA tests.

History and Background

Louis Dobermann, a German tax collector, is credited for the creation of the Doberman Pinscher. In search of a watchful guard dog to accompany him during his rounds, Dobermann developed the Doberman Pinscher in the late 19th century by crossing the old German shorthaired shepherd and the German Pinscher. Later, the Black and Tan Manchester Terrier, Weimaraner, andGreyhound were also crossbred.

The original Dobermans had round heads and heavy boned bodies, but breeders soon developed a more robust-looking dog. Over time, the breed evolved remarkably and by 1899, the National Dobermann Pinscher Club, the first club for the new breed, was created in Germany.

After attracting much fame, the first Doberman was introduced to the United States in 1908. The Doberman was used as a guard dog, police dog and even as a war dog, all qualities that eventually made it a favorite as a family protector. Its chiseled outline also made the Doberman a popular show dog.

A new challenge for the breed would arise in the 1970s -- the emergence of the albinistic white Doberman. With this albino gene came a wide range of serious health conditions. In an effort to remedy this problem, the Doberman Pinscher Club of America convinced the American Kennel Club to tag the registration numbers of dogs susceptible to the albino gene with the letter "Z."

In 1977, the Doberman became the second most popular breed in the United States. Since then, the breed has kept its well-regarded status as both a guard dog and a family pet.

Dalmatian

The Dalmatian is a well-known dog breed, most famous for its white coat spotted with black or brown markings. Historically used as a carriage dog, this breed is very active and was once even bred to run with horses. Because of this, the Dalmatian is most suitable for dog lovers that can give it attention and time for exercise.

Physical Characteristics

The Dalmatian has an intelligent and alert expression with a short and shiny coat. Its distinctive spots are a well-regarded feature; however, solid patches are not encouraged in the breed standard -- an abstract aesthetic ideal for the animal type. The Dalmatian also has an athletic build with strong bones and a square-proportioned body which gives it endurance, and an effortless and steady trot. The ground color of a Dalmatian is pure white with dense, black spots, while liver-spotted Dalmatians have liver brown spots.

Personality and Temperament

This eager and playful companion should be exercised in a secure area, as it is known to roam around and is capable of running for miles before it gets tired. Although the Dalmatian is usually reserved towards unknown people and acts scrappy toward strange dogs, it is good around horses and other pets. Dalmatians may also be too lively and active for young children.

Care

A short walk on a leash is not sufficient to meet the needs of the breed. Instead, runs and physically strenuous games are required to keep the dog fit; it makes for a great jogging partner. Other than frequent brushing to remove dead hair, the Dalmatian's coat does not need much care. To keep it happy, provide soft bedding, shelter, love and companionship. The Dalmatian can live indoors or outdoors, but only in warm and temperate climates.

Health

The Dalmatian, which has an average lifespan of 12 to 14 years, may suffer from minor health concerns like hypothyroidism, allergies, iris sphincter dysplasia, seizures, and major issues like deafness and urinary stones. Some may also be prone to canine hip dysplasia (CHD) or the formation of urinary calculi, as it cannot break down uric acid. To identify some of these issues, a veterinarian may run hearing, thyroid, eye, and hip exams.

History and Background

Although the origin of the Dalmatian’s coat pattern is not known, it is one of the most interestingly patterned breeds. Paintings of dogs resembling the Dalmatian have been found throughout the centuries. One such painting, a fresco from 1360, is held in the Spanish Chapel of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy.

It is thought the ancestors of the Dalmatian may have been pointers and the spotted Great Dane. And while it did not originate in Dalmatia, a southern region in Croatia, the breed did derive its name from the region. Even the Dalmatian's original function is obscure, but the breed probably had more than one role. Throughout the years, it has been a shepherd, a war dog, a sentinel, a retriever, a draft dog, a ratter, a trailer, a bird dog and a circus dog.

In Victorian England, the Dalmatian served as a coach dog, fulfilling both the aesthetic and practical roles -- protecting horses from marauding dogs. The dogs trotted in front, alongside, or below the axle of the coach. There is now evidence that the coaching role may have been a hereditary factor.

The introduction of the automobile dimmed the Dalmatian’s position in high society, but it continued to work as a coach dog for fire engines, which were drawn by horses. It was known as the "fire-dog." The first Dalmatian was registered with the American Kennel Club in 1988 and the breed's U.S. Club, the Dalmatian Club of America, was founded in 1905.

Dachshund

The Dachshund is a small scenthound with short legs and a distinctively elongated body. The breed's beginning can be traced to the 1600s, when it was used in Germany to hunt, track and retrieve burrow dwelling animals, mainly the badger. Today it is one of the most popular breeds in the U.S., and can be found in the fields as hunting companions or in homes as a family pet.

Physical Characteristics

The Dachshund can move and enter easily through a tunnel or den because of its long, low-slung body. The dog’s unconstrained and smooth gait is enhanced by its powers of stamina, ease of movement, and dexterity. The muscles should be strong without appearing bulky, and the waist tapered slightly. It is the appearance of slender athleticism. Its trim profile, in fact, was used as a symbol for the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. The distinctive forward flopping ears protect the Dachshunds ear canals from the entry of foreign objects as it races through brush, and the slightly curled up tail serves to make it visible to trailing hunters.

There are three sizes of Dachshund, each based on the practical purpose of the designated prey. The larger Dachshund, weighing in at 30 to 35 pounds, is used for hunting badgers and boars, and the smaller, standard sized dog, weighing from 16 to 22 pounds, is used for hunting badgers, foxes and hares. The smallest size, the miniature, which weighs under 11 pounds, is more commonly kept as a house pet.

In addition, there are three types of coats that are standard for this breed. The silky long coat can be straight or wavy; the smooth coat is short and glossy; and the wiry coat has hard, thick, tight hair with a fine undercoat. All varieties of coats offer protection from extreme weather conditions. The pleasant and intelligent expression of the dog give it a confident demeanor.

Personality and Temperament

The daring, adventurous and curious Dachshund is fond of digging, hunting, chasing game, and tracking by scent. It is a true combination of terrier and hound. Although the dog is playful with children, time spent with them should be attended to by adults, since the Dachshund does not have a wealth of patience for being mishandled -- unintentional though it may be.

This breed does well with strangers, but tends to be reserved and shy, and may sometimes snarl at those it is unfamiliar with. If it recognizes what appears to be an attack on its family members, the Dachshund is unreservedly quick to defend against danger. The wire-haired varieties are bolder than the long-haired ones, which are less terrier-like and quiet. Meanwhile, the miniature varieties are even more timid with strangers. However, this independent little dog enjoys spending time with people and in taking part in family activities.

Also of note, in addition to its attentive and protective nature, the Dachshund's loud voice makes it an ideal watchdog.

Clumber Spaniel

The Clumber Spaniel is one of the original nine breeds registered by the American Kennel Club. Long and low, it’s not as fast as other sporting dogs, but will work all day, trotting along in a slow, rolling gait. Dignified and pensive, but possessing great enthusiasm, the Clumber Spaniel also has a beautiful white coat.

Physical Characteristics

The Clumber Spaniel has a rectangular proportioned body, which is a bit long in proportion to its height. Due to its short legs, it tends to roll a bit while walking, but its pace remains easy-going. The Clumber Spaniel also has strong hindquarters and a solid bone structure, with a deep-chested body.

Its white coat, meanwhile, is soft, straight, dense, flat, and weather-proof, which enables the dog to work in harsh and rough conditions. Its bushy eyebrows and soft expression give the dog a pleasing appearance.

Personality and Temperament

The Clumber Spaniel is hunter by nature, forgoing all other activities other than the hunt. Playful and cheerful nearly all the time, the Clumber Spaniel has proven to be a great family pet, behaving gently indoors if given proper care. Because of its love of outdoor walks, however, the breed is not always suitable for city living.

Care

The dense, flat coat of a Clumber Spaniel requires combing at least two to three times a week. Additionally, regular bathing is essential to keeping its coat clean and neat.

Its exercise requirements, meanwhile, consist of daily outdoor walks or long, energetic games. Be aware that some Clumber Spaniels may snore occasionally or drool.

Health

The Clumber Spaniel, which has an average lifespan of 10 to 12 years, is susceptible to intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), a major health concern. Besides this particular disease, some of the other minor health problems that the breed is prone to are otitis externa, ectropion, and entropion, as well asseizures. To identify some of these issues, a veterinarian may recommend elbow, eye, and hip exams early on.

History and Background

The Clumber Spaniel is a breed that has a keen hunting capability. It is, however, not as popular as other spaniel breeds. The origin of the Clumber Spaniel dates back to as early as the latter part of the 16th century, eventually receiving its name during the period of the French Revolution of 1789. Legend holds that during the time of the revolution, the Duc de Noailles of France moved his kennel of spaniels to England for sanctuary, housing them at the Duke of Newcastle kennels at Clumber Park (thus the breed's name) in Nottinghamshire.

One of the distinctive characteristics is that these dogs are compact in shape and size. Because of this, some suggest the low-bodied Basset Hound and the old, heavy-headed Alpine Spaniel may have been responsible for the evolution of the Clumber Spaniel.

Clumbers were first shown in England in the mid-19th century. Instantly, the English nobility became attracted to the breed, often due to its great hunting ability. Although the breed appears to have entered the United States near the end of the 17th century, the first Clumber was not registered until the late 19th century, before the American Kennel Club itself was founded. Today, the Clumber Spaniel is considered a wonderful show dog and an excellent hunter.

Chinese Shar-Pei

The Chinese Shar-Pei's uniqueness is derived from its appearance. Noted for its cuddly wrinkles -- similar to the skin rolls on a chubby baby -- bluish-black tongue, and unusual head shape, the Shar-Pei is as loyal as it is independent, in spite of its frowning gaze. Although it is generally obedient, the breed must be trained by a consistent and confident handler, for fear that its intelligent, bold, and stubborn nature will prevail. If that occurs, it will be showing you who’s boss.

Physical Characteristics

The Shar-Pei may have an extremely short "horse coat" or a "brush coat"; both, however, are straight, harsh, and stand away from the dog's body. The name "Shar-Pei" roughly translates into "sand-skin," a reference to its sandpaper-like texture. When rubbed backward, this prickly coat, which can be seen in various solid colors, is quite uncomfortable and may cause welts on a sensitive person’s skin.

Although it is popular for its profuse wrinkles and loose skin, only puppies possess this feature while in adults, the wrinkles are limited to the shoulders, neck, and head.

Compact and square-bodied, the Shar-Pei has a slightly large head, a hippo-like muzzle, powerful and broad jaws, and what some might describe as an angry expression. Many of its other features, such as its close and small ears, sunken eyes, and stiff, stubbly coat, are attributed to its ancestry as a fighting dog. It also has good drive and reach, and a free gait.

Personality and Temperament

Even though it is not very affectionate, the Shar-Pei is protective of and dedicated to its human family. The serious, self-possessed, and self-assured Shar-Pei is both independent and stubborn. It is wary and reserved towards strangers, jittery towards animals and livestock, and aggressive towards other dogs. However, it is generally quite nice around other family pets.

Care

The Shar-Pei's coat only requires weekly brushing, while its wrinkles require daily attention to ensure irritation does not occur within the dog's skin folds. Daily physical and mental stimulation are also important for the Shar-Pei. This can be easily accomplished by taking it on a long walk or by setting up active play sessions for the dog throughout the day. The Shar-Pei should be allowed to spend time both indoors and outdoors, but should not be considered an "outside dog."

Health

The Chinese Shar-Pei, which has an average lifespan of 8 to 10 years, suffers from minor health issues like lip and skin fold pyodermas, otitis externa,hypothyroidism, patellar luxation, allergies, and amyloidosis, and minor problems such as entropion and canine hip dysplasia (CHD). To identify some of these issues, a veterinarian may run hip, eye, knee, elbow, and thyroid tests on the dog.

Megaesophagus is sometimes seen in this breed. The Shar-Pei is also prone to fevers, and although its cause is unknown, it often occurs with Shar-Peis suffering from swollen hocks (roughly equivalent to a human ankle).

History and Background

This breed’s origin is not precisely known, although it is believed that the Chinese Shar-Pei ancestors may have come from the southern regions of China during the Han Dynasty (c. 200 B.C.). Some statues have even been discovered in this area bearing a strong resemblance to the Shar-Pei.

Soon after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, many records about the breed's background were lost during the social upheaval. It is known that the breed was used by peasant farmers as a working dog, and later serving as wild boar hunter, a property guard dog, and a fighting dog.

As time passed, the Chinese Shar-Pei lost its allure and many of the dogs were removed, leaving just a handful of dog that remained along the city outskirts. In 1968, the Hong Kong Kennel Club recognized the breed and a resurgence of the Chinese Shar-Pei occurred in Taiwan and British Hong Kong. Many of these specimens would eventually make their way to the United States.

In 1973, a news article alerted U.S. Shar-Pei fanciers to the breed's dangerously low numbers; determined to be the rarest dog in the world, the dog lovers worked quickly to protect the remaining dogs. Since then, the breed has become very popular and is among the most recognizable breeds in the U.S. The Shar-Pei was accepted into the American Kennel Club's (AKC) Miscellaneous Class in 1988, and in 1992, it was officially accepted into the AKC's Non-Sporting Group.

Collie

Most people think of Lassie, a Rough Collie popularized by the eponymous television series, when they hear the term Collie. However, there are a variety of breeds that can be classified as a Collie. Originating from Scotland in the 1800s, the Collie was an intelligent and gentle herding dog, making them a fine addition for anyone who loves the outdoors or has a family today.

Physical Characteristics

The Collie's expression is its hallmark. Its refined head, well-balanced muzzle and skull, and piercing ears and eyes all exude a certain intelligence and alertness. Its gait, meanwhile, is suggestive of an effortless speed and an ability to change direction instantly, both qualities needed in herding dogs.

The Collie has two coat varieties: a smooth-coated variety with a flat and short outer coat, and a rough-coated variety with a harsh, straight and long -- more so on the ruff and mane -- outer coat. Both varieties, however, have a soft and profuse undercoat. The Collie breed also comes in four recognizable colors: sable and white, tri-color, blue merle, and white.

Personality and Temperament

The Collie is a sensitive and intelligent breed, always willing to please. And while it is gentle and mild-mannered, it can occasionally be stubborn.

Care

The Collie can live outdoors in cool or temperate climates, but is happier indoors, as it is a very family-oriented dog. Its coat needs a thorough brushing every week to remove dead hair, and a leash-led walk or jog daily is all it requires for exercise. Herding can also provide excellent physical and mental exercise for the Collie.

Health

This breed’s lifespan ranges between 8 to 12 years, and it is susceptible to gastric torsion, dermatomyositis, seizures, microphthalmia, Collie eye anomaly(CEA), progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), demodicosis, and other minor aliments. To identify some of these conditions, a veterinarian may run hearing, eye, and DNA tests on this breed of dog.

History and Background

The origin of the Collie is rather obscure. One of the theories about the breed's origin is that of a stock and farm dog to the Celts, the first settlers on the British Isles. Since sheepherding and guarding are two of the oldest canine duties, the Collie's ancestors may reach far back into the history of dogs.

Dog fanciers began to take interest in the breed in the early 19th century. As breeding programs progressed, the Collie not only grew larger in stature but became more refined. Queen Victoria was introduced to the breed in 1860 and entered her first Collie into her kennel. The Collie's popularity flourished under her sponsorship and the upper class, as well as dog fanciers, took a liking to the dog. In 1867, "Old Cockie" was born and is credited for many of the characteristics associated with the breed, especially those of the Rough Collie. Collies would later sport a variety of colors, including red, buff, and a few sables, while the most popular colors included black, tan and white, black and white, and what is referred to now as blue merles, originally known as "tortoise shell." "Scotch" collies, a rough-coated variety were also bred during the 1800s. And while the smooth-coated Collies were used to drive cattle or sheep, the rough-coated ones were trained as guard dogs, able to withstand all weather climates.

By 1886, English breeders set a standard for the Collie's height and weight. As American settlers began to bring Collies to the New World as sheepherders, numerous changes began to happen. Most notably, the Collie became slightly larger and heavier. Later, Albert Payson Terhune, an American author and dog breeder, increased the popularity of the breed with his collies at the Sunnybank Kennels, the lines of which can still be seen in today's Rough Collies. The Smooth Collie has not been as popular as the rough variety. But whichever the variety, the Collie is now considered an all-time favorite American breed.